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Quinten Jacobs’ book "The Concrete Policy" ("Het betonnen beleid" - 2025) analyses how the political system becomes gridlocked because politicians, constrained by complex state structures, stifling regulations and international dependencies, have hardly any policy scope to tackle real issues such as migration, the economy and energy.  As a result, policy often remains stagnant and uninspired, leading to a loss of trust in traditional parties.  Jacobs explains why this is the case and makes a case for reforms, such as stronger regions within a more democratic, federal Europe with less restrictive regulation and more scope for genuine political decision-making.

Leon Dhaene, Chair of n²water, sets out his critical reservations and offers a counter-argument to the author, using water management and the implementation of the Water Framework Directive as examples.